The Rise of Opium-poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan

Afghanistan poppy cultivation is estimated to have hit an all-time high despite the international counter-narcotics efforts. The US has spent an estimated USD $7.5bn in an attempt to curb the phenomenon. At present, opium-poppy is being cultivated on 209,000 hectares (516,230 acres) of land in Afghanistan, indicating a 36% increase from 2012. A report released…

What is the Global Illicit Flows Programme?

  From the Cocaine Route Programme and the Heroin Route Programme to the Global Illicit Flows Programme of the European Union For more than ten years, the Cocaine and Heroin Route Programmes of the European Union strived to address the challenges of an often-fragmented law enforcement approach along established illicit trafficking routes into the EU.…